Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK-3) is a key enzyme in multiple cell processes. Since many pharmacological compounds that have effects on common metabolic pathways may have uses in many different diseases, we review here the possible involvement of glycogen synthase kinase 3 in diabetes, cancer and CNS diseases. Moreover, diabetes has recently been strongly linked to CNS diseases such as schizophrenia and bipolar illness. GSK-3 is both directly and indirectly inhibited by lithium, a key compound for treatment of bipolar disorder. Several antipsychotic drugs also affect the GSK-3 mediated pathways and postmortem study of brain in schizophrenia led to reports of alterations of GSK-3 activity or mRNA message. However, other reports are contradictory. Development of GSK-3 inhibitors for CNS diseases is complicated by the importance of GSK-3 in glucose metabolism and pancreas function and the possible effect of GSK-3 inhibition to be oncogenic. Further development of GSK-3 inhibitors for clinical trials should be approached with caution.
Keywords: Glycogen synthase kinase 3-β, diabetes, cancer, CNS, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, Wnt signaling, postmortem brain, lithium, inflammation
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: The Possible Involvement of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (GSK-3) in Diabetes, Cancer and Central Nervous System Diseases
Volume: 17 Issue: 22
Author(s): Amar S., Belmaker R.H. and Agam G.
Affiliation:
Keywords: Glycogen synthase kinase 3-β, diabetes, cancer, CNS, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, Wnt signaling, postmortem brain, lithium, inflammation
Abstract: Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK-3) is a key enzyme in multiple cell processes. Since many pharmacological compounds that have effects on common metabolic pathways may have uses in many different diseases, we review here the possible involvement of glycogen synthase kinase 3 in diabetes, cancer and CNS diseases. Moreover, diabetes has recently been strongly linked to CNS diseases such as schizophrenia and bipolar illness. GSK-3 is both directly and indirectly inhibited by lithium, a key compound for treatment of bipolar disorder. Several antipsychotic drugs also affect the GSK-3 mediated pathways and postmortem study of brain in schizophrenia led to reports of alterations of GSK-3 activity or mRNA message. However, other reports are contradictory. Development of GSK-3 inhibitors for CNS diseases is complicated by the importance of GSK-3 in glucose metabolism and pancreas function and the possible effect of GSK-3 inhibition to be oncogenic. Further development of GSK-3 inhibitors for clinical trials should be approached with caution.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
S. Amar, R.H. Belmaker and G. Agam, The Possible Involvement of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (GSK-3) in Diabetes, Cancer and Central Nervous System Diseases, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2011; 17 (22) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161211797052484
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161211797052484 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Gene Expression Profiling in Rodent Models for Schizophrenia
Current Neuropharmacology Subject Index To Volume 4
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry miRNAs Highlights in Stem and Cancer Cells
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Cationicity and Hydrophobicity Enhance the Cytotoxic Potency of Phoratoxin C Anticancer Peptide Analogues against Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells
Current Bioactive Compounds Gene Transfer and Drug Delivery with Electric Pulse Generators
Current Drug Metabolism The Tribbles-1 Protein in Humans: Roles and Functions in Health and Disease
Current Molecular Medicine Proteomics in the Search for Biomarkers of Animal Cancer
Current Protein & Peptide Science Editorial Review of 2012
Current Radiopharmaceuticals Cancer Stem Cells: A New Paradigm for Understanding Tumor Growth and Progression and Drug Resistance
Current Medicinal Chemistry Comprehensive DNA Methylation-transcriptome Profiles Association Analysis During the Treatment of Acute Myelocytic Leukemia
Current Pharmaceutical Design Exploring the Mitochondrial Apoptotic Cell Death Landscape and Associated Components Serving as Molecular Targets, Primarily for Synthetic and Natural Drugs Targeting Oncology Therapeutics
Current Molecular Pharmacology Proteasome Inhibitors Therapeutic Strategies for Cancer
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery Novel and Emerging Drugs for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Current Cancer Drug Targets Need to Think Outside Organ-based Diagnosis to Molecular Diagnostics
Applied Clinical Research, Clinical Trials and Regulatory Affairs Advances in Anticancer Antibody-Drug Conjugates and Immunotoxins
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery Alternative Splicing and Tumor Progression
Current Genomics Vasoproliferation and Antiproliferative Treatment Options in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery Aurora B Kinase and Passenger Proteins as Targets for Cancer Therapy
Current Enzyme Inhibition Multicolor-FISH Approaches for the Characterization of Human Chromosomes in Clinical Genetics and Tumor Cytogenetics
Current Genomics Nutrition Support of Patients Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT)
Current Nutrition & Food Science