<![CDATA[Choriocarcinoma]]> https://www.eurekaselect.com RSS Feed for Disease Wise Article | BenthamScience EurekaSelect (+http://eurekaselect.com) Fri, 29 Mar 2024 01:28:23 +0000 <![CDATA[Choriocarcinoma]]> https://www.eurekaselect.com https://www.eurekaselect.com <![CDATA[Cubilin, the Intrinsic Factor-Vitamin B12 Receptor in Development and Disease]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/93507 <![CDATA[miR-146a-5p Regulated Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis by Targeting SMAD3 and SMAD4]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/100741

Objective: In this article, our motivation is to study the role of miR-146a-5p in the early pregnancy of sows on the cell proliferetion and apoptosis by targeting SMAD3 and SMAD4.

Methods: Bioinformatics software was used to identify the target genes of miR-146a-5p. The wildtype and mutant-type recombinant plasmids of dual-luciferase reporter with 3'-UTR of Smad3 or 3'- UTR of Smad4 were constructed, and co-transfected in porcine kidney cell (PK-15 cell) with miR- 146a-5p mimic, mimic-NC(M-NC), inhibitor and inhibitor-NC(IN-NC), then dual-luciferase activity analysis, qRT-PCR and Western blot were performed to verify the target genes. After the transfection of BeWo choriocarcinoma cell (BeWo cell) with miR-146a-5p mimic, M-NC, inhibitor and IN-NC, the mRNA expression of Caspase-3, BAX and Bcl-2 was measured using qRT-PCR, and the cell proliferation was measured using CCK-8 kit.

Results: The luciferase, mRNA and protein expression of Smad3 in PK-15 cells treated by Smad3- 3'-UTR-W co-transfected with miR-146a-5p mimic were significantly lower than that with miR- 146a-5p M-NC, and the results of Smad4 were similar to Smad3, but the protein expression had a trend to lower in mimic group. The expression level of Bcl-2 in the miR-146a-5p mimic group was significantly lower than that in the miR-146a-5p M-NC group, but the expression pattern of Caspase-3 was just opposite. The mimic of miR-146a-5p reduced the proliferation of BeWo cells, however the inhibitor increased.

Conclusion: Smad3 and Smad4 are the direct target genes of miR-146a-5p. The expression of Smad3 and Smad4 were affected by the mimic and inhibitor of miR-146a-5p. miR-146a-5p affects cell apoptosis and proliferation by regulating their target genes. This study provided new data to understand the regulation mechanism of early pregnancy in sows.]]>
<![CDATA[Kinetic Evaluation of Anti-tumor Chlorambucil Release from O-stearoyl Mannose PLGA Nanoparticles]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/100439Purpose: This study assesses the kinetics of the anti-tumor drug chlorambucil (CLB) incorporated into PLGA nanoparticles (NP-CLB) with and without the presence of the O-stearoyl mannose (OEM) functionalizing agent (NP-CLBMAN).

Methods: OEM was synthesized and used in the NP-CLB-MAN formulation. The nanoparticles were characterized by dynamic light scattering, electrophoretic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.

Results: The nanoparticles presented an encapsulation efficiency greater than 61% and a PdI between 0.186–0.217. The mean size was 185 nm for NP-CLB and 220 nm for NPCLB- MAN, and the zeta potential values were -17.7 mV for NP-CLB and -14.2 mV for NP- CLB-MAN. Scanning electron microscopy showed that NPs with OEM have a surface with a different shape, and FTIR analyses showed binding of CLB to the drug delivery system, as well as functionalization with OEM. In vitro release studies showed a biphasic release profile for both systems, and they were analyzed considering the mathematical Korsmeyer-Peppas, first-order, and Fick diffusion models, and the combination of the first-order and Fick diffusion models.

Conclusion: The experimental results obtained for the release of CLB were better described using a combination of the first order and Fick diffusion mathematical models.

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<![CDATA[Phytochemical-Mediated Glioma Targeted Treatment: Drug Resistance and Novel Delivery Systems]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/100269 <![CDATA[Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Studies of Novel Diphenyl Ethers]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/97106Background: The well-known antibacterial agent Triclosan (TCL) that targets bacterial enoylacyl protein reductase has been described to inhibit human fatty acid synthase (FASN) via the enoylacyl reductase domain. A Literature survey indicates that TCL is selectively toxic to cancer cells and furthermore might indeed reduce cancer incidence in vivo. A recent study found that TCL inhibits FASN by acting as an allosteric protein-protein interface (PPI) inhibitor. It induces dimer orientation changes that effect in a downstream reorientation of catalytic residues in the NADPH binding site proposing TCL as a viable scaffold to design a superior molecule that might have more inhibitory potential. This unveils tons of potential interaction space to take advantage of future inhibitor design.

Objectives: Synthesis of TCL mimicking novel diphenyl ether derivatives, biological evaluation as potential antiproliferative agents and molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies.

Methods: A series of novel N-(1-(3-hydroxy-4-phenoxyphenyl)-3-oxo-3-phenylpropyl)acetamides (3a-n) and N-(3(3-hydroxy-4phenoxyphenyl)-3-oxo-1-phenylpropyl) acetamides (6a-n) were designed, synthesized, characterized and evaluated against HepG2, A-549, MCF-7 and Vero cell lines. The induction of antiproliferative activity of selected compounds (3d and 6c) was done by AO/EB (acridine orange/ethidium bromide) nuclear staining method, DNA fragmentation study, and cell cycle analysis was performed by flow cytometry. Molecular docking and dynamics simulation study was also performed.

Results: Among the tested compounds, compound 3d was most active (IC50 13.76 ± 0.43 µM) against A-549 cell line. Compounds 3d and 3g were found to be moderately active with IC50 30.56 ± 1.1 µM and 25.05 ± 0.8 µM respectively against MCF-7 cell line. Morphological analysis of A-549 cells treated with 3d and 6c clearly demonstrated the reduction of cell viability and induction of apoptosis. DNA fragmentation was observed as a characteristic of apoptosis in treated cells. Further, cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry confirmed that compounds 3d and 6c significantly arrested the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase. Molecular docking study demonstrated that these compounds exhibit high affinity for the human fatty acid synthase (hFASN) target. Molecular dynamics simulation study of the most active compound 3d was performed for calculating binding free energies using Molecular Mechanics–Generalized Born Surface Area (MM/GBSA).

Conclusion: Compound 3d (IC50 13.76 ± 0.43 µM) has been identified as a potential lead molecule for anticancer activity against A-549 cells followed by 3l, 6c, and 3g. Thus, the design of diphenyl ether derivatives with enhanced affinity to the binding site of hER may lead to the discovery of potential anticancer agents.

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<![CDATA[Current Status and Future Perspective for Research on Medicinal Plants with Anticancerous Activity and Minimum Cytotoxic Value]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/982733μM) and lesser or negligible toxicity. They are rich in active phytochemicals with a wide range of drug targets. In this study, these medicinal plants were evaluated for dose-dependent cytotoxicological studies via in vitro MTT assay and in vivo tumor models along with some more plants which are reported to have IC50 value in the range of 0.019-0.528 mg/ml. The findings indicate that these plants inhibit tumor growth by their antiproliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic molecular targets. They are widely used because of their easy availability, affordable price and having no or sometimes minimal side effects. This review provides a baseline for the discovery of anticancer drugs from medicinal plants having minimum cytotoxic value with minimal side effects and establishment of their analogues for the welfare of mankind.]]> <![CDATA[Targeting Nodal and Cripto-1: Perspectives Inside Dual Potential Theranostic Cancer Biomarkers]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/92984Background: Elucidating the mechanisms of recurrence of embryonic signaling pathways in tumorigenesis has led to the discovery of onco-fetal players which have physiological roles during normal development but result aberrantly re-activated in tumors. In this context, Nodal and Cripto-1 are recognized as onco-developmental factors, which are absent in normal tissues but are overexpressed in several solid tumors where they can serve as theranostic agents.

Objective: To collect, review and discuss the most relevant papers related to the involvement of Nodal and Cripto-1 in the development, progression, recurrence and metastasis of several tumors where they are over-expressed, with a particular attention to their occurrence on the surface of the corresponding sub-populations of cancer stem cells (CSC).

Results: We have gathered, rationalized and discussed the most interesting findings extracted from some 370 papers related to the involvement of Cripto-1 and Nodal in all tumor types where they have been detected. Data demonstrate the clear connection between Nodal and Cripto-1 presence and their multiple oncogenic activities across different tumors. We have also reviewed and highlighted the potential of targeting Nodal, Cripto-1 and the complexes that they form on the surface of tumor cells, especially of CSC, as an innovative approach to detect and suppress tumors with molecules that block one or more mechanisms that they regulate.

Conclusion: Overall, Nodal and Cripto-1 represent two innovative and effective biomarkers for developing potential theranostic anti-tumor agents that target normal as well as CSC subpopulations and overcome both pharmacological resistance and tumor relapse.

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<![CDATA[ABC Transporters: Regulation and Association with Multidrug Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Colorectal Carcinoma]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/87731For most cancers, the treatment of choice is still chemotherapy despite its severe adverse effects, systemic toxicity and limited efficacy due to the development of multidrug resistance (MDR). MDR leads to chemotherapy failure generally associated with a decrease in drug concentration inside cancer cells, frequently due to the overexpression of ABC transporters such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp/MDR1/ABCB1), multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs/ABCCs), and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2), which limits the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs. The aim of this review is to compile information about transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of ABC transporters and discuss their role in mediating MDR in cancer cells.

This review also focuses on drug resistance by ABC efflux transporters in cancer cells, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cells. Some aspects of the chemotherapy failure and future directions to overcome this problem are also discussed.

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<![CDATA[Modulation of ABC Transporters by Nuclear Receptors: Physiological, Pathological and Pharmacological Aspects]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/85896 <![CDATA[MicroRNA in Cervical Carcinogenesis: Window of Therapeutic Potential]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/94242Background: Cervical cancer is the second leading malignancy for women. In developing countries, it is becoming a public health trouble in adult women. Persistent cervical infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) may contribute to the development of cervical cancer. The danger is in the fact that woman with HPV can go unnoticed for years. So, women with early cervical cancer and pre-malignant neoplastic disease show no symptoms, until cancer becomes invasive and grows into the nearby tissue. A large number of females die from the disease each year due to late diagnosis and resistance to conventional treatment. In particular, in advanced tumor stage, low response to chemotherapy results in poor prognosis and recurrence. Therefore, new therapies and indicators are needed to overcome chemo-resistance as well as early diagnosis of cancer. There is a continuous search for prognostic and predictive markers in order to help optimize and personalize treatment for improvement in the outcome of cervical cancer.

Recent Findings: Non-coding regulatory RNAs that control gene expression at the posttranscriptional level are seeking the attention of scientists in this area. Certain microRNAs have been located near cancer susceptibility loci that correlate tumorgenesis. Multiple profiling studies have revealed a significant change in miRNA expression in cervical cancer patients. A number of miRNAs have shown a consistent up-regulation or down regulation throughout the different stages of cervical cancer.

Conclusion: Investigation of microRNAs involved in carcinogenesis and progression of cervical cancer in tissue-specific manner is opening a window in early diagnosis and therapeutics.

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<![CDATA[Exploiting Cancer Metal Metabolism using Anti-Cancer Metal- Binding Agents]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/84517 <![CDATA[New Anti-Cancer Strategies in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/95697

Objectives: The study is focused on different molecular mechanisms strongly involved in testicular germ cell line tumors underlying new strategies to treat this human neoplasia.

Methods: Bibliographic data from peer-reviewed research, patent and clinical trial literature, and around eighty papers and patents have been included in this review.

Results: Our study reveals that several biomarkers are usefully utilized to discriminate among different histotypes. Moreover, we found new patents regarding testicular germ cell tumor treatments such as the expression of claudin 6, monoclonal antibody (Brentuximab Vedotin), immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) with the FDA-approved drugs pembrolizumab and nivolumab or the oncolytic virus Pelareorep, the combination of selective inhibitors of Aurora kinase.

Conclusion: Finally, the pathogenesis of testicular germ cell tumor needs to be deeply understood so that it will improve data on stem cells, tumorigenesis and disease tumor management by more selective treatment.]]> <![CDATA[7-O-aminoalkyl-2,3-dehydrosilibinins: Synthesis and in vitro Anti-cancer Efficacy]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/89442

Method: A series of 7-O-aminoalkyl-2,3-dehydrosilibinin derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their antiproliferative activities against several cancer cell lines.

Results: A number of the synthesized dehydrosilibinin derivatives exhibited greatly enhanced potency with 50% growth inhibition at low micromolar concentrations. Structure activity study indicated that the distance between N and 7-O on the side chain has a limited influence on the antiproliferative activity, while the presence of a morpholino group decreases the antiproliferative activities dramatically. Flow cytometry based assays on human colon cancer HCT116 cells revealed that 6a and 6c, two of the most potent derivatives, effectively arrested the cell cycle in the G2 phase and stimulated cell apoptosis.

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that attaching an appropriate tertiary amino alkyl side chain through 7-Oalkylation on 2,3-dehydrosilibinin, would be a viable strategy for the development of silibinin derivatives as anticancer agents.]]> <![CDATA[Factors Regulating Human Extravillous Trophoblast Invasion: Chemokine-peptidase and CD9-integrin Systems]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/94092 <![CDATA[Targeting the Folate Receptor: Improving Efficacy in Inorganic Medicinal Chemistry]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/88434 <![CDATA[Recent Advances in New Discovered Molecular Targets in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/86146

Methods: I undertook a search of bibliographic data from peer-reviewed research literature.

Results: Seventy papers were included in the mini-review showing that a large number of new biomarkers have given further advantages to discriminate the different histotypes and could represent useful novel molecular targets for anticancer strategies.

Conclusion: A deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of TGCTs is likely to significantly improve not only our knowledge on stem cells and oncogenesis but also the disease management with more selective tumor treatment.]]> <![CDATA[Nutlin-3, A p53-Mdm2 Antagonist for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Treatment]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/84809 <![CDATA[Dysregulation of LncRNAs in Placenta and Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/82643

Objective: This article reviews published data on this subject and provides detailed information on the regulation and function of LncRNAs IGF2/H19, MEG3, SPRY4-IT1, HOTAIR, MALAT1, and FLT1P1 and CEACAMP8 in placental trophoblasts. The potential mechanisms underlying the action of these LncRNAs are also discussed to facilitate a better understanding on the potential role of these LncRNAs for the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.

Conclusion: It is elaborated that some lncRNAs probably contribute to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia through methylation, Notch-EGFL7 signaling pathway and Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

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<![CDATA[CEBP Epigenetic Dysregulation as a Drug Target for the Treatment of Hematologic and Gynecologic Malignancies]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/80651

Objectives: This review concentrates on the role(s) and epigenetic alterations of C/EBP genes in hematologic malignancies and gynecologic organs and disorders. New research findings on molecular pathways involved in C/EBP function and regulation are reviewed and analyzed. The potential therapeutic values of these findings are also discussed.

Conclusion: Unlike in hematologic malignancies in which C/EBP mutations and their disruption of wild type C/EBP tumor suppressive activities have been well documented, mutation of C/EBP does not appear to be a common event in gynecologic cancers, raising some doubt if C/EBPs may have tumor suppressor activity in gynecologic cancers. However, this notion could not exclude the possibility that downregulation or DNA methylation-meditated epigenetic silencing of C/EBPs may contribute to the development of gynecologic malignancies.

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<![CDATA[Gynecomastia in Infants, Children, and Adolescents]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/82078

Objective: To review in depth the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment of gynecomastia.

Method: A PubMed search was completed in Clinical Queries using the key term “gynecomastia”. Patents were searched using the key term “gynecomastia” from www.google.com/patents, www.uspto.gov, and www.freepatentsonline.com.

Results: Gynecomastia is caused by an imbalance between the stimulatory effect of estrogen and the inhibitory effect of androgen at the breast tissue level. Clinically, gynecomastia is characterized by the presence of a firm or rubbery, discrete, subareolar ridge of glandular tissue that is symmetrical in shape, freely movable, and nonadherent to skin or underlying tissue. Since most cases of physiological gynecomastia regress spontaneously with time, reassurance is all that is necessary. For pathological gynecomastia, treatment should be directed at the underlying cause, if possible. If gynecomastia persists in spite of the above measures, pharmacologic therapy and reduction mammoplasty may be considered. Recent patents related to the management of gynecomastia are discussed.

Conclusion: The majority of cases are physiological and do not require treatment other than reassurance. For pathological cases, the underlying cause should be treated if possible. If gynecomastia persists in spite of the above measures and treatment becomes necessary, tamoxifen is the treatment of choice. Reduction mammoplasty may be considered for resistant cases.

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<![CDATA[Polyphenols Beyond Barriers: A Glimpse into the Brain]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/79289

Methods: In this review, we compiled some of the extensive and ever-growing research in the field, highlighting some of the most recent trends in the area.

Results: The main findings regarding polypolyphenols neuroprotective potential performed using in vitro, cellular and animal studies, as well as human trials are covered in this review. Concepts like bioavailability, polyphenols biotransformation, transport of dietary polyphenols across barriers, including the blood-brain barrier, are here explored.

Conclusion: The diversity and holistic properties of polypolyphenol present them as an attractive alternative for the treatment of multifactorial diseases, where a multitude of cellular pathways are disrupted. The underlying mechanisms of polypolyphenols for nutrition or therapeutic applications must be further consolidated, however there is strong evidence of their beneficial impact on brain function during ageing. Nevertheless, only the tip of the iceberg of nutritional and pharmacological potential of dietary polyphenols is hitherto understood and further research needs to be done to fill the gaps in pursuing a healthy ageing.

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<![CDATA[Role of Imaging in Testicular Cancer]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/76252 <![CDATA[Quality Survival with Fertility after Gynaecological and other Cancers]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/79080

Objectives: To look into the existing evidence, challenges and possibilities.

Methodology: Simple review of literature was done with the help of various search engines, Pubmed, Google, Uptodate and other databases to evaluate the relevant studies, reviews and short commentaries to get information as per the objectives.

Evidence: Because of long-term effects of various cancers and their therapies, problems like quality of life, sexuality and fertility are the real concerns. Gonadal dysfunction is common, especially in gynaecological cancers and their therapies. Germ cell tumors of ovary are most common in young girls but with conservative surgery and chemotherapy the results are excellent. Same is true even for stage I epithelial ovarian cancers. Conservative therapies for cervical cancer, conization, simple / radical trachelectomy can do wonders. Endometrial cancer usually occurs after menopause, and there are no standard recommendations for conservative management, which is possible in younger women. Choriocarcinoma is highly malignant but has high cure rate too. So, quality survival is possible. Studies with Breast cancer, Hodgkin lymphoma have also revealed menstrual function resumption after chemotherapy. Presurgery assessment and close follow-up are necessary. Side effects of radiochemotherapy are real. Effects are drug, dose, and age dependent with possibilities of infertility and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Gonadotoxic effects may cause early menopause. Challenges increase if cancer occurs during pregnancy.

Preventive Possibilities and Conclusion: Mission of any cancer therapy needs to be quality long life, preservation of pregnancy prospects: natural or assisted. Prepubertal ovary is least susceptible to gonadotoxicity with chances of better reproductive life. Ovarian transposition / shielding or transplantation is possible. Ovarian tissue rather than oocyte or embryo cryopreservation is better. Early diagnosis and safe therapy can do miracles for women who are diagnosed with cancer. Conservative surgery, safe chemotherapy and focused radiation can reduce gonadotoxicity and preserve fertility. Multidisciplinary treatments are essential. Role of psychotherapy is important. For quality survival with reduced risk of cardiac, renal, neurological problems, bone osteoporosis and also for preservation of fertility, therapy needs proper planning for all cancers.

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<![CDATA[Killing Glioma ‘Stem-like’ Cells via Drug-Induced Relocation of Endosomal Urokinase Proteins]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/76890 <![CDATA[New Molecular Targets of Anticancer Therapy – Current Status and Perspectives]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/77764

The receptor proteins that are targeted by currently used anticancer drugs comprise the epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor(VEGFR). Target anticancer drugs may affect extracellular receptor domains (antibodies) or intracellular receptor domains (tyrosine kinase inhibitors).

The blocking of the mRNA thread containing information about the structure of oncogenes (signal transduction proteins) is another molecular target of anticancer drugs. That type of treatment, referred to as antisense therapy, is in clinical trials.

When the synthesis of genetic material is disturbed, in most cases the passage to the next cycle phase is blocked. The key proteins responsible for the blockage are cyclines and cycline- dependent kinases (CDK). Clinical trials are focused on natural and synthetic substances capable of blocking various CDKs.

The paper discusses the molecular targets and chemical structure of target anticancer drugs that have been approved for and currently applied in antineoplastic therapy together with indications and contraindications for their application.]]> <![CDATA[Passive Targeting of Cyclophosphamide-Loaded Carbonate Apatite Nanoparticles to Liver Impedes Breast Tumor Growth in a Syngeneic Model]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/73630 <![CDATA[Cell Proliferation and Cytotoxicity Assays]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/77627 <![CDATA[Standardization of Epitopes for Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) Immunoassays]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/76060 <![CDATA[Epigenetic Targeting of Platinum Resistant Testicular Cancer]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/72692 <![CDATA[Advances of Phenoxazines: Synthesis, Reactivity and Their Medicinal Applications]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/75561 <![CDATA[Ribosome-inactivating Proteins from Root Tubers and Seeds of Trichosan-thes kirilowii and Other Trichosanthes Species]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/75968 <![CDATA[P-Glycoprotein Mediated Multidrug Resistance Reversal by Phytochemicals: A Review of SAR & Future Perspective for Drug Design]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/73651 <![CDATA[Dextran-based Nanocarriers for Delivery of Bioactives]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/73559 <![CDATA[An Insight into Drug Repositioning for the Development of Novel Anti-Cancer Drugs]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/73745 <![CDATA[Targeted Drug Delivery System for Platinum-based Anticancer Drugs]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/72009 <![CDATA[Comparative Proteomic Profiling of Extracellular Proteins between Normal and Gastric Cancer Cells]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/72368 <![CDATA[Current Understanding of HSP90 as a Novel Therapeutic Target: An Emerging Approach for the Treatment of Cancer]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/74602 <![CDATA[Modulation of Expression and Activity of ABC Transporters by the Phytoestrogen Genistein. Impact on Drug Disposition]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/74822 <![CDATA[Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Psychological Stress and Cancer]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/73997 <![CDATA[Phosphorylation Processes Controlling Aromatase Activity in Br east Cancer: An Update]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/744692), through c-Src kinase, is able to enhance tyrosine phosphorylation levels of aromatase protein and increases its enzymatic activity and estrogen biosynthesis. Secondly, E2, through the activation of PI3K/Akt pathway, impairs the ability of the tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B to dephosphorylate aromatase, resulting in a consequent enhanced phosphorylation and activity of the aromatase protein itself. These new controls of aromatase function provide insights into the mechanisms through which local estrogen production can be altered in breast cancer tissues. They also offer a vast array of possibilities for identifying different cell signalings that should be targeted in novel therapeutic strategies for breast cancer treatment.]]> <![CDATA[Drug Design Targeting the CXCR4/CXCR7/CXCL12 Pathway]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/70404 <![CDATA[Melatonin in Pregnancy: Effects on Brain Development and CNS Programming Disorders]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/72487 <![CDATA[Organ Preference of Cancer Metastasis and Metastasis-Related Cell Adhesion Molecules Including Carbohydrates]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/71502 <![CDATA[Heat Shock Factor 1-Regulated miRNAs Can Target Huntingtin and Suppress Aggregates of Mutant Huntingtin]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/72267 <![CDATA[Drug-Loaded Nanocarriers in Tumor Targeted Drug Delivery]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/67629

Methods: We review technical papers and other articles related to nanoparticles, which have been developed as effective target specific strategies for cancer treatment, acting as nanocarriers and also as active agents.

Results: This review will allow to gain a more general view of the various drug loaded nanocarriers which offers a predominantly unique set of chemical, physical and photonic properties for better drug delivery to the tumor tissues based on morphological and functional differences between normal and tumor tissues.

Conclusion: Nanoparticulate delivery systems in cancer therapies provide better penetration of therapeutic and diagnostic substances with the cancerous tissue in comparison to conventional cancer therapies. Thus nanocarriers can be used for strategic development of novel drug delivery systems and reformulating existing drugs to enhance effectiveness.]]> <![CDATA[Management of Ovarian Cancer In Younger Women]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/70604Background: Ovarian Cancer is a broad spectrum of diseases comprising several subtypes. Three major categories in younger women are germ cell tumor, sex cord stromal tumor and epithelial ovarian neoplasia.

Objective: literature search was for an update on management of ovarian cancer in young women.

Context: Germ cell tumor is suspected in young girls presenting with solid ovarian neoplasm as abdominal mass, discomfort, dyspnea or pain abdomen. Preoperative evaluation should include thorough clinical examination with biochemical profile tumor markers and imaging techniques. When prepubertal girls present with precocious puberty, clitoromegaly, development of secondary sexual character, one should suspect juvenile granulosa theca cell tumor. Often serum beta inhibin is elevated in these cases. Young women are not immune to other tumors. Surgery should be fertility sparing, salphingo -oopherectomy, omentectomy, peritoneal cytology, retro peritoneal lymphadenectomy whenever indicated. Except Stage I A puredysgerminoma, Stage IA grade 1 immature teratoma, Stage IA /B grade 1 epithelial ovarian carcinoma, all other histopathological types irrespective of the stage of the disease require adjuvant chemotherapy.

Conclusion: Girls, young women can have ovarian cancer conservative therapy. However treatment needs to be individualized. Except stage IA disease all other patient require adjuvant chemotherapy apart from fertility sparing surgery.]]> <![CDATA[Management of Gestational Trophoblastic Diseases-An Update]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/70603Introduction: Gestational trophoblastic disease is a spectrum of neoplastic abnormalities arising from fetal trophoblastic tissue. The range of the diseases in this group varies from relatively benign Hydatidifom mole (complete and partial mole) to highly malignant choriocarcinoma.

Methods: We have reviewed the available literature and discussed the management and follow up based on the current understanding of the natural history, extent and the prognosis of the disease.

Key observations: Depending on the underlying pathology the disease can subside, progress or even metastasize and lead to death, if left untreated. The treatment of the disease is relatively simple and the disease is highly curable by single or multi agent chemotherapy. Appropriate and timely treatment not only saves the women from morbidity and death but also can help preserve their fertility.

Conclusions: Management of Gestational disease should ideally be done in a specialized multi-disciplinary environment and the outcome of treatment in majority of the cases is very satisfactory.]]> <![CDATA[Angiogenesis Markers in Gynecological Tumors and Patents for Anti- Angiogenic Approach: Review]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/69932 <![CDATA[Heterocyclic Scaffolds: Centrality in Anticancer Drug Development]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/65730 <![CDATA[Neonatal Germ Cell Tumors]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/68819 <![CDATA[Epigenetic Regulation of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes and Clinical Implication]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/68788 <![CDATA[Membrane Fusion Mediated Targeted Cytosolic Drug Delivery Through scFv Engineered Sendai Viral Envelopes]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/67045TMC). Reconstituted virosomes, having both the fusion protein as well as the native F-protein were able to specifically bind and deliver drugs to PAP expressing cells. About 75% of the delivery was cytoplasmic in nature. Hence, this immuno-virosome, which is devoid of the comparatively more toxic HN protein, has the novel ability to combine specific antibody mediated targeting with cytoplasmic delivery. The scFv ensured specific binding to PAP expressing cells, without cross reacting with the other isozymes of alkaline phosphatase. The advantages of cytoplasmic delivery would include reduced degradation and lowered immunogenicity of the payload and carrier. The ubiquitous expression of PAP on a variety of cancers like seminoma, choriocarcinoma, cervical and breast cancers also suggests its potential usefulness in a number of malignancies.]]> <![CDATA[Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: An Insight into their Biomedical Applications]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/658313O4), hematite (α-Fe2O3) and maghemite (γ- Fe2O3)], and are usually coated with substances and/or polymers according to the purpose for which they are intended to be used. In recent years, IONs use has been increasing exponentially in many fields of biomedicine, namely in magnetic resonance imaging, cell sorting, tissue repair, induction of hyperthermia and drug delivery, among others. This review aims to provide an update on the different IONs and the substances and/or polymers that can be used to coat the IONs core as well as their applications and biological properties, namely their biodistribution in the human body and their cellular internalization pathways.]]> <![CDATA[Novel Functionalization for Maximizing Cell Turnover from Microcarrier]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/65048 <![CDATA[Genomic and Epigenetic Complexity of the FOXF1 Locus in 16q24.1: Implications for Development and Disease]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/64786 <![CDATA[Reconstituted High Density Lipoprotein-Based Nanoparticles: an Overview of Applications in Regenerative Medicine, Preparation, Evaluation and Future Trends]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/64568 <![CDATA[Emulsomes Meet S-layer Proteins: An Emerging Targeted Drug Delivery System]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/65280 <![CDATA[Prospects of Molecularly-Targeted Therapies for Cervical Cancer Treatment]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/63835 <![CDATA[Serotonin and Cancer: What Is the Link?]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/645221 and 5-HT2 receptors. In contrast, low doses of serotonin can inhibit tumour growth via the decrease of blood supply to the tumour, suggesting that the role of serotonin on tumour growth is concentration-dependent. Data are also available on serotonin involvement in cancer cell migration, metastatic processes and as a mediator of angiogenesis. Moreover, the progression of some tumours is accompanied by a dysregulation of the pattern of serotonin receptor expressions. Serum serotonin level was found to be suitable for prognosis evaluation of urothelial carcinoma in the urinary bladder, adenocarcinoma of the prostate and renal cell carcinoma. In some cases, antagonists of serotonin receptors, inhibitors of selective serotonin transporter and of serotonin synthesis have been successfully used to prevent cancer cell growth. This review revaluates serotonin involvement in several types of cancer and at different stages of their progression.]]> <![CDATA[Anti-Angiogenesis in the Treatment of Genito-Urinary Cancers: Last Updates]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/61251

Inhibition of angiogenesis is the cornerstone of therapy in Renal Cell Carcinoma and has shown somewhat promising results in prostate cancer. However, studies in both Urothelial carcinoma and Germ Cell Tumors remain mostly disappointing.

In this paper, we report the landmark trials evaluating anti-angiogenic drugs in uro-genital cancers.]]> <![CDATA[Patent Analysis as a Tool for Research Planning: Study on Natural Based Therapeutics Against Cancer Stem Cells]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/61830 <![CDATA[MicroRNA-34 Family, Mechanisms of Action in Cancer: A Review]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/62918 <![CDATA[Follow the ATP: Tumor Energy Production: A Perspective]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/61599

A time-tested method to identify and disrupt criminal activity is to “follow the money” since the illicit proceeds from crime are required to underwrite it. By analogy, strategies to target cancer involve following and disrupting the flow of ATP and NADH, the energetic and redox “currencies” of the cell, respectively, since the tumor requires high levels of ATP and NADH, not only for metastasis and proliferation, but also, on a more basic level, for survival. Accordingly, four broad ATP reduction strategies to impact and potentially derail cancer energy production are highlighted herein: 1) small molecule energy-restriction mimetic agents (ERMAs) that target various aspects of energy metabolism, 2) reduction of energy ‘subsidization’ with autophagy inhibitors, 3) acceleration of ATP turnover to increase energy inefficiency, and 4) dietary energy restriction to limit the energy supply.]]> <![CDATA[Immune Function in Pregnant Women with Affective Disorders]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/58082 <![CDATA[Transcriptional Control of Collagen I Gene Expression]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/60361 <![CDATA[Challenges in Managing Amniotic Fluid Embolism: An Up-to-Date Perspective on Diagnostic Testing with Focus on Novel Biomarkers and Avenues for Future Research]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/60330 <![CDATA[Hypoxic Culture Conditions for Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells from Wharton’s Jelly: A Critical Parameter to Consider in a Therapeutic Context]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/59188 <![CDATA[Overview of Mechanisms of Cancer Stem Cell Drug Resistance]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/59066 <![CDATA[Decreased Expression and Altered Methylation of Syncytin-1 Gene in Human Placentas Associated with Preeclampsia]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/54375 <![CDATA[Hypomethylation and Activation of Syncytin-1 Gene in Endometriotic Tissue]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/54371 <![CDATA[Transporters at CNS Barrier Sites: Obstacles or Opportunities for Drug Delivery?]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/53231 <![CDATA[Expression and Function of Organic Cation and Anion Transporters (SLC22 Family) in the CNS]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/53222 <![CDATA[Prenatal Exposure of a Novel Antipsychotic Aripiprazole: Impact on Maternal, Fetal and Postnatal Body Weight Modulation in Rats]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/56772 <![CDATA[Apoptosis-related BCL2-family Members: Key Players in Chemotherapy]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/52883 <![CDATA[Cyclophilin A as a Target of Cisplatin Chemosensitizers]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/57194 <![CDATA[Decoding the Knots of Initiation of Oncogenic Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Tumor Progression]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/57092 <![CDATA[The Role of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Regulated Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Glioma]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/54666 <![CDATA[The Renin-angiotensin System as a Target of Novel Anticancer Therapy]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/54019 <![CDATA[Effects of Limonoid Cedrelone on MDA-MB-231 Breast Tumor Cells in vitro]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/54168 <![CDATA[Membrane and Soluble Forms of Endoglin in Preeclampsia]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/55241 <![CDATA[Functional Role of miR-34 Family in Human Cancer]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/54789 <![CDATA[Notch-Associated MicroRNAs in Cancer]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/54786 <![CDATA[From Na+/K+-ATPase and Cardiac Glycosides to Cytotoxicity and Cancer Treatment]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/54094 <![CDATA[Nuclear Hormone Receptors and Female Reproduction]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/53937

Methods: This review is based on publications derived from PubMed based pursuit of scientific literature in conjunction with the authors' experience.

Results: Here, a summary of NHR family members (RXR, PPAR, VDR, TR) first in respect to known general aspects such as ligands, binding domains, signalling mechanism and second focussing especially their influence on female reproduction is offered. Furthermore, crosstalk with other prominent signalling proteins important to trophoblast function [signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor 'kappa-light-chain-enhancer' of activated B-cells (NFκB), Akt/ phosphaidyl-3-kinase (PI3K), and Wnt, are described.

Conclusion: Considering their attributes, it is not surprising that NHR family members play a central role in female reproduction by targeting cell differentiation, metabolic homeostasis and embryogenesis. However, it seems that crosstalk depends on stage of trophoblast differentiation.]]> <![CDATA[Recent Patents on Glioblastoma Signaling]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/51151 <![CDATA[Aminophosphonate Metal Complexes of Biomedical Potential]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/50562 <![CDATA[Recent Advances in Carbon Nanotubes as Delivery Systems for Anticancer Drugs]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/49925 <![CDATA[Double Layered Hydroxides as Potential Anti-Cancer Drug Delivery Agents]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/49708 <![CDATA[Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor α Ligands as Anticancer Drugs Targeting Mitochondrial Metabolism]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/49626 <![CDATA[Fungal Proteins with Antiproliferative and Anticancer Activities]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/49357 <![CDATA[An overview of ABC and SLC Drug Transporter Gene Regulation]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/48506 <![CDATA[Cellular Relationships of Testicular Germ Cell Tumors Determined by Partial Canonical Correlation Analysis of Gene Expression Signatures]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/48480 <![CDATA[Mycotoxins Levels in Human Milk: A Menace to Infants and Children Health]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/48358 <![CDATA[Carbon Nanotubes in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Malignant Melanoma]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/47746 <![CDATA[Role of Calcium, Vitamin D, and the Extrarenal Vitamin D Hydroxylases in Carcinogenesis]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/47700

The present review describes the role of the vitamin D hydroxylases in cancer pathogenesis and the cross-talk between the extra-renal autocrine/paracrine vitamin D system and calcium in cancer prevention.]]> <![CDATA[New Insights into HLA-G and Inflammatory Diseases]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/46747 <![CDATA[Inhibiting HSP90 to Treat Cancer: A Strategy in Evolution]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/46177 <![CDATA[Sinonasal Carcinoma: Updated Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/45494 <![CDATA[The Characteristics, Functions and Inhibitors of Three Aminopeptidases Belonging to the M1 Family]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/45094 <![CDATA[Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Signaling: Biased and Unbiased]]>https://www.eurekaselect.comarticle/43666