Abstract
Accumulating evidence demonstrates involvement of tryptophan metabolites and in particular activation of the kynurenine pathway (KP) in neurocognitive disorders under CNS inflammatory conditions. The KP is involved in several brain-associated disorders including Parkinson’s disease, AIDS dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, schizophrenia, and brain tumors. Our review is an attempt to address any relevant association between dysregulation of KP and multiple sclerosis (MS), an inflammatory CNS disorder that ultimately leads to demyelinated brain areas and severe neurological deficits. Modulation of KP is a new topic for the field of MS and warrants further research. The availability of potential KP modulators approved for MS may shed some light into the therapeutic potential of KP antagonists for the treatment of MS patients.
Keywords: Demyelination, microglia, macrophages, kynurenine pathway, quinolinic acid, kynurenic acid.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Tryptophan Catabolites and Their Impact on Multiple Sclerosis Progression
Volume: 22 Issue: 8
Author(s): Jens O. Watzlawik, Bharath Wootla and Moses Rodriguez
Affiliation:
Keywords: Demyelination, microglia, macrophages, kynurenine pathway, quinolinic acid, kynurenic acid.
Abstract: Accumulating evidence demonstrates involvement of tryptophan metabolites and in particular activation of the kynurenine pathway (KP) in neurocognitive disorders under CNS inflammatory conditions. The KP is involved in several brain-associated disorders including Parkinson’s disease, AIDS dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, schizophrenia, and brain tumors. Our review is an attempt to address any relevant association between dysregulation of KP and multiple sclerosis (MS), an inflammatory CNS disorder that ultimately leads to demyelinated brain areas and severe neurological deficits. Modulation of KP is a new topic for the field of MS and warrants further research. The availability of potential KP modulators approved for MS may shed some light into the therapeutic potential of KP antagonists for the treatment of MS patients.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Watzlawik O. Jens, Wootla Bharath and Rodriguez Moses, Tryptophan Catabolites and Their Impact on Multiple Sclerosis Progression, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2016; 22 (8) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612822666151215095940
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612822666151215095940 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Pathogens and Chronic or Long-Term Neurologic Disorders
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Autism Spectrum Disorders: Etiology and Pharmacotherapy
Current Drug Therapy Animal Models Used for the Evaluation of Antiretroviral Therapies
Current HIV Research Antiviral Immunotherapy for Mosquito-Borne Flaviviruses: A Review of Current Status
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) The Gut Microbiota and the Emergence of Autoimmunity: Relevance to Major Psychiatric Disorders
Current Pharmaceutical Design Heparanase Patents: Dim Past and Bright Future
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery Recent Advances on the Machine Learning Methods in Identifying Phage Virion Proteins
Current Bioinformatics Combining Drug and Immune Therapy: A Potential Solution to Drug Resistance and Challenges of HIV Vaccines?
Current HIV Research Safety of Systemic Biologic Agents in the Treatment of Non-malignant Skin Disorders
Current Drug Safety Radiosynthesis of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluorothymidine ([18F]FT), a Putative PET Agent for Imaging HSV-TK Expression
Current Radiopharmaceuticals The Regulatory Functions of a New Tetrapeptide from the Bursa of Fabricius on AIV Vaccine Immunization and Antibody Production
Protein & Peptide Letters HIV-1, HCV and Alcohol in the CNS: Potential Interactions and Effects on Neuroinflammation
Current HIV Research HPV and Therapeutic Vaccines: Where are We in 2010?
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews Behcets Syndrome: Literature Review
Current Rheumatology Reviews Animal Models in Neurology: Drawbacks and Opportunities
Current Pharmaceutical Design Influenza and Stroke Risk: A Key Target Not to be Missed?
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets Intracellular Restriction Factors In Mammalian Cells - An Ancient Defense System Finds A Modern Foe
Current HIV Research Cytomegalovirus Infections in Non-Immunocompromised and Immunocompromised Patients in the Intensive Care Unit
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets Biomedical Consequences of Alcohol Use Disorders in the HIV-Infected Host
Current HIV Research Recent Patents on Nucleic Acid-Based Antiviral Therapeutics
Recent Patents on Anti-Infective Drug Discovery