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Current HIV Research

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1570-162X
ISSN (Online): 1873-4251

Neoplastic Conditions in the Context of HIV-1 Infection

Author(s): Yoshiyasu Aoki and Giovanna Tosato

Volume 2, Issue 4, 2004

Page: [343 - 349] Pages: 7

DOI: 10.2174/1570162043351002

Price: $65

Abstract

HIV-1 infection predisposes to the development of specific types of cancer. Most cancers seen in the AIDS setting are related to oncogenic virus infections, such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Kaposis sarcoma (KS)-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and human papillomavirus (HPV). It is generally assumed that HIV-1 infection play a passive role in cancer development by impairing the host immune surveillance and increasing the risk of oncogenic virus infection. Recent insights, however, indicate that HIV-1 infection more actively promotes cancer growth. Experimental evidence has shown that HIV-1-encoded proteins can directly induce tumor angiogenesis and enhance KSHV transmission to target cells. Clinical evidence suggests that the oncogenicity of HPV is altered by the presence of HIV-1 infection irrespective of host immune status. The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has dramatically decreased the incidence of KS whereas the impact of HAART is variable in EBV-related lymphoma and HPV-related cervical cancer, suggesting that additional factors are involved in the pathogenesis of these cancers. Understanding the direct and indirect roles of HIV-1 in the pathogenesis of neoplastic conditions could provide the rationale for prevention and development of new treatments for AIDS-associated malignancies.

Keywords: hiv, ebv, kshv, hpv, tat, ks, pel, mcd, cervical cancer


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