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Current Diabetes Reviews

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1573-3998
ISSN (Online): 1875-6417

Mini-Review Article

Anti-Insulin Receptor Antibodies in the Pathology and Therapy of Diabetes Mellitus

Author(s): Arshida Ashraf, Abdulrasheed Palakkott and Mohammed Akli Ayoub*

Volume 17, Issue 2, 2021

Published on: 04 June, 2020

Page: [198 - 206] Pages: 9

DOI: 10.2174/1573399816666200604122345

Price: $65

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is recognized as the most common and the world’s fastest-growing chronic disease with severe complications leading to increased mortality. Many strategies exist for the management of DM and its control, including treatment with insulin and insulin analogs, oral hypoglycemic therapy such as insulin secretion stimulators and insulin sensitizers, and diet and physical training. Over the years, many types of drugs and molecules with an interesting pharmacological diversity have been developed and proposed for their anti-diabetic potential. Such molecules target diverse key receptors, enzymes, and regulatory/signaling proteins known to be directly or indirectly involved in the pathophysiology of DM. Among them, insulin receptor (IR) is undoubtedly the target of choice for its central role in insulin-mediated glucose homeostasis and its utilization by the major insulin-sensitive tissues such as skeletal muscles, adipose tissue, and the liver. In this review, we focus on the implication of antibodies targeting IR in the pathology of DM as well as the recent advances in the development of IR antibodies as promising anti-diabetic drugs. The challenge still entails development of more powerful, highly selective, and safer anti-diabetic drugs.

Keywords: Diabetes, insulin receptor, therapeutic antibodies, autoantibodies, allosteric antibodies, anti-diabetic drug.

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