Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a heterogeneous disease with large variation in the relative contributions of insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction between subgroups and individuals. Some of these differences are reflected in the way people are diagnosed. However, differences in glucose regulation exist among individuals even in those with comparable diagnostic glucose levels. In this review we address the heterogeneity of pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes with special emphasis on differences in the pathophysiology and treatment responses related to the diagnostic criteria. We also discuss whether novel glycaemic markers of diabetes risk can provide additional information to the established diagnostic criteria. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms responsible for elevated fasting versus postprandial glucose concentration, as well as knowledge about the expected responsiveness to treatment in individuals with different clinical characteristics at diagnosis, may contribute to optimising strategies for management of hyperglycaemia in both pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes.
Keywords: Beta cell dysfunction, diabetes management, diabetes prediction, diagnostic criteria, fasting glucose, insulin resistance, obesity, physical activity, postprandial glucose, weight loss.
Current Diabetes Reviews
Title:Heterogeneity of Pre-diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: Implications for Prediction, Prevention and Treatment Responsiveness
Volume: 12 Issue: 1
Author(s): Kristine Faerch, Adam Hulman and Thomas P.J. Solomon
Affiliation:
Keywords: Beta cell dysfunction, diabetes management, diabetes prediction, diagnostic criteria, fasting glucose, insulin resistance, obesity, physical activity, postprandial glucose, weight loss.
Abstract: Type 2 diabetes is a heterogeneous disease with large variation in the relative contributions of insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction between subgroups and individuals. Some of these differences are reflected in the way people are diagnosed. However, differences in glucose regulation exist among individuals even in those with comparable diagnostic glucose levels. In this review we address the heterogeneity of pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes with special emphasis on differences in the pathophysiology and treatment responses related to the diagnostic criteria. We also discuss whether novel glycaemic markers of diabetes risk can provide additional information to the established diagnostic criteria. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms responsible for elevated fasting versus postprandial glucose concentration, as well as knowledge about the expected responsiveness to treatment in individuals with different clinical characteristics at diagnosis, may contribute to optimising strategies for management of hyperglycaemia in both pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Faerch Kristine, Hulman Adam and Solomon P.J. Thomas, Heterogeneity of Pre-diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: Implications for Prediction, Prevention and Treatment Responsiveness, Current Diabetes Reviews 2016; 12 (1) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573399811666150416122903
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573399811666150416122903 |
Print ISSN 1573-3998 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6417 |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Fatty Acids - Induced Lipotoxicity and Inflammation
Current Drug Metabolism Use of Medications for the Treatment of Alcohol Dependence: A Retrospective Study Conducted in 2011-2012
Current Drug Research Reviews Novel, Unifying Phagomimetic Mechanism of Vancomycin Therapeutic Action and Toxicity: Polyphenol, Electron Transfer and Reactive Oxygen Species
Anti-Infective Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Lycopene and Cardiovascular Diseases: An Update
Current Medicinal Chemistry Antiangiogenic Therapy in Malignant Glioma: Promise and Challenge
Current Pharmaceutical Design Toxicities of Immunosuppressive Treatment of Autoimmune Neurologic Diseases
Current Neuropharmacology A Systems Medicine Clinical Platform for Understanding and Managing Non- Communicable Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Sex Differences in Biomarkers for Predicting Cardiovascular and Coronary Events
Current Vascular Pharmacology Micronutrient Biofortification in Rice through New Breeding Techniques (NBTs): Bangladesh Perspective
Current Nutraceuticals Cardiac Effects of Anabolic Steroids: Hypertrophy, Ischemia and Electrical Remodelling as Potential Triggers of Sudden Death
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Antiarrhythmic Potential of Drugs Targeting the Cardiac Ryanodine Receptor Ca<sup>2+</sup> Release Channel: Case Study of Dantrolene
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Relationship Between Diabetes Mellitus, Geriatric Syndromes, Physical Function, and Gait: A Review of the Literature
Current Diabetes Reviews A Journey into the World of Targeted Therapy: A Review of Gene Therapy, Stem Cell Therapy, and Cell Reprogramming in Cardiovascular Medicine
Recent Patents on Regenerative Medicine Supplements, Diets and Other Complementary and Alternative Interventions in Adolescent Mental Health
Adolescent Psychiatry GRK2 at the Control Shaft of Cellular Metabolism
Current Pharmaceutical Design Molecular Players at the Intersection of Obesity and Osteoarthritis
Current Drug Targets Inflammation in Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)
Current Pharmaceutical Design Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Diseases Using Retinal Images Through Vessel Segmentation Graph
Current Medical Imaging Helicobacter pylori Eradication Improves the Malnutrition, Inflammation and Atherosclerosis Syndrome in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued) The Role of T-Helper Cells in Atherosclerosis
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry